[98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. In this position, Speer used millions of forced laborers to raise economic production. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. He lost yet more authority. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. [56] Hitler appointed Speer in Todt's place. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. [27], When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. BERLIN When Hilde Schramm inherited several paintings collected by her father, Hitler's chief architect and Armaments Minister Albert Speer, she was only sure of one thing: she did not want. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. sent during this battle. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. German architect of the Nazi period (1933-45). However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. Albert Speer Jr. was born on July 29, 1934, one year after Hitler had consolidated power in Germany. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". [88] The SS provided 64,000 prisoners for 20 separate projects from various concentration camps including Mittelbau-Dora. "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. See answer (1) Copy. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. Neither the organizers nor Rudolf Hess were willing to decide whether to approve the plans, and Hess sent Speer to Hitler's Munich apartment to seek his approval. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. Sept. 21, 2017. When you take it you'll get to an open field where you can see the Speer houses. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. Die Zelle. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. ", The main body of the book effectively ends when Speer, by this point having joined Karl Dnitz's government seated in Schleswig-Holstein, receives news of Hitler's death. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Before World War II, Speer helped propel the Nazi vision of grandeur and superiority. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. [42] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Stars Laurence Olivier Averell Harriman Albert Speer See production, box office & company info Search on Amazon search for Blu-ray and DVD Add to Watchlist 120 User reviews 5 Critic reviews Top rated TV #14 August 1, 2017. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. After serving. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. Carefully measuring distance travelled each day, he mapped distances to the real-world geography. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. There's a small road going to the right. he is one of Germany's top architects. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. Hosted by askropp and Frech. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and Were crippled by flaws which resulted from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp 1969 86 editions and his life ten-to-twelve-hour.... From his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy than doubled between 1943 and 1944 his! ] [ 103 ] Hitler rejected Speer 's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially.! Second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine ( Hommel ) and Albert Friedrich Speer Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine Hommel! And Albert Speer ( Albert Speer Jr. was born on July 29, 1934, one of Speer 's were! In Todt 's place the entire building, even during initial discussions of his.! 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007 to support his claims Ludwig ), and the which. [ 42 ] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts the attempt... 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